Production practices can significantly affect the quality of horticultural product. Much remains to be discovered, as the new technique and methods of horticultural plant cultivation becomes more available, and our tools to manipulate the quality of horticultural product, quality profiles and components expand, and as our molecular understanding of formation and regulatory mechanism of product quality(regarding organoleptic and functional aspects), optimization of primary and secondary metabolites (metabolic pathways) for improved quality, quality control and quality determination methods and standards (nondestructive, fast, digital, and multi-omic) starts to move from theory to application. This approach can decode the molecular bases of quality traits of horticultural product, providing a more comprehensive understanding of how different factors interact to influence its quality. Such science-based information can, in turn, optimize production systems and further improve the product quality traits. This topic of Agriculture and Biology will highlight the quality of horticultural products enhanced by cultivation and new technology.